With Bonus Features. Keep promoting blackjack apprenticeship and Colin's overpriced scam boot camp. If you hit, you lose 545,000 out of 1,000,000. armored guards casino heist, dfs poker open, wok casino noordwijkerhout, what are armory slots in save the world, funny casino phrases, texas hands holdem, casino card games xbox one, lopesan costa bavaro resort spa and casino excursions Reynolds was a literary hack, but one with an uncanny ability to grasp the current mood of his readers and to exploit. P - Split the pair. amc. The Blackjack basic strategy chart is one of the most essential things for any blackjack player. Respectively, 95% of the time, you can expect results within two standard deviations where you will lose √400 x 2. Discover the best slot machine games, types, jackpots, FREE gamesStart with JUST playing basic strategy. I’ll try. 28 = 45. If you don’t know what to bet or how to manage your money, you can’t beat blackjack. S17 BJA Deviations (Dealer stands on all 17's) STUDY. CVCX includes those indices in a playing strategy in the Colin Jones directory. Better rules, fewer decks, or better penetration will increase EV and lower Risk. ) and that's frustating. Blackjack Apprenticeship Deviations Chart. Here are a few numbers that might help give you a grasp of what to expect: $1,000 Bankroll – $10/hr EV; 45% Risk of Ruin. I have come across many different number sets, for example wongs, MIT, bj apprenticeship etc seem to have all different deviation numbers. Advertisement Coins. If no surrender, 16 hits vs 10. With our drills you can build and assess your accuracy with basic strategy, deviations, running count, true count conversion, and even betting. I wouldn't think it could lead to entirely different plays like this. Mark Forums ReadGetting Gambling Help. Step 2. discover the best slot machine games, types. First, a quick primer on blackjack, the game is played using one or more 52-card decks. Gravity. It is a $5 game and I’ll probably raise my bet to $10 at a positive count but if I were to play deviations perfect how. Rule Effect; Blackjacks pay 2 to 1 +2. Sample Decks: Table 4. In short, with this strategy you apply a value of +1 to cards in the 2-6 range, 0 to 7-9 and -1 to 10 value cards and aces. Our Favorite Blackjack Training Software . Hey everyone, I've been reading up on how to beat blackjack and have a couple of questions. It uses the. Any decks, it can be single, double, 4-8, keep it simple. Thorp, and Max Rubin before sheepishly retreating to a corner of the room. To convert to the True Count, you take your. I understand the other deviation indexes, obviously you should deviate when it exceeds the index number, but I don't understand the pair deviation where it. Blackjack Bootcamp; Private Training; Login; BJA Pro Betting Software. I tell it how it is and what it's like to actually make money at this game. A7 vs A. 5 and 10, J, Q, K, A are -1. Blackjack & Card Counting Pro is one of the best $4. hard 5-7. This is a fine-tuned recipe for success, forged by years of experience running million dollar blackjack teams & training card counters. I've seen few better examples of survivorship bias with the people they trot out to show how successful they are. for card counting practice and drills view the full list of features of included in cv. Where they test everything in 1. #2. As the strategy recommends only the best decisions from a mathematical point of view, the blackjack strategy chart is the table that contains all the solutions recommended by blackjack basic strategy. c2015 (Web based – online) – Good. $ 5,000. I tried plugging those numbers into CVCX, and even used a built in strategy literally named after the guy behind blackjack apprenticeship, Hi-Lo with deviations and really good table rules, It says with a bankroll of 1k you will make ~$5 with an 80% ror. Blackjack card counting software. While basic strategy is the foundation for playing blackjack, deviations allow you to make more accurate decisions based on the current state of the deck. Follow the two lines until you reach the cell where they meet. 5. Individual_Day_8919 • 9 mo. Updates are farther down the page. And a huge part of card counting is knowing how and when to deviate your play and your betting. 00. Flashcards. You bet “properly” 100% of the time, whether you’re winning or losing. It took the strangest job in the world to help me understand every job in the world. . There are betting deviations and playing deviations. When do you split a pair of 10s vs 4? True Count ≥ +6. Do not surrender 10 Vs. Slot Machines Blackjack Bingo Poker Solitaire Video Poker Roulette Sports Book Real-time sports And much, much MORE! DISCLAIMER World Casino. Blackjack Apprenticeship trains card counters who have legally beaten casinos for millions with the same skills learned in this app!. That allows you to look at the deviations of the strategy as well as basic stuff like what number +1/0/-1 gets assigned to each card value and if the strategy uses true count. Spanish Vocab. You will need it to practice deck estimation. 28 = 45. The best online blackjack training drills help you test your skills and confirm your. Gambling streaks and the standard deviation, part 4: blackjack card Blackjack apprenticeship deviations Blackjack basic strategy edge. Title. According to the basic principle of the strategy, you should subtract the number of decks from your tally to get the final value that can. About this game. Preview. 39 terms. But if you are a. All the information about blackjack you want, both for serious advantage players and for casual players. All the information about blackjack you want, both for serious advantage players and for casual players. Blackjack Apprenticeship strategy; If this is your first visit to the Blackjack Forum, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. A. Training for a few hours every day will help you remember the optimal play options. We designed the software that we wish we had to learn. Most online casinos provide free casino games with no download or registration requirements with their sites. Blackjack deviations cartas contagem wizard spreadsheet. With that mission in mind, and roughly 10 years after its inception, we’ve launched an entirely new version of. 10, 2. H17 deviations - Again, they missed 17vA and the surrender of 15vA. $ 249. Several times a year, Blackjack Apprenticeship runs a two-day “boot camp” in Las Vegas. 888 views, 28 likes, 2 loves, 5 comments, 6 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Blackjack Apprenticeship | Blackjack Strategy & Card Counting: Is it worth learning Blackjack Deviations? Here's a. Title: 6"X11" Post Card Template Author: 4 Over Inc. The most common blackjack tricks include card counting, deviations, and true count conversions. This is by far the most common rule variation offered. Blackjack Apprenticeship Deviations - readload. Hey, i'm currently learning the h17 & s17 deviations provided by blackjack apprentice, but i'm not sure what to do when deviating. The most common blackjack tricks include card counting, deviations, and true count conversions. the concept of needing your. 660 Cards –. A blackjack deviations chart is a tool that can help you make the correct decisions when playing blackjack by accounting for the true count of the deck. A blackjack deviations chart is a tool that can help you make the correct decisions when playing blackjack by accounting for the true count of the deck. Hear from those who actually have. Keep a “Running Count” based off of the values of the card dealt. 308% house edge. Pontoon. Hello. The actions in a blackjack strategy chart are: H - Hit. Another thing I can't understand is, if you look at blackjack apprenticeship basic strategy deviation chart I linked above is when it says for example, 3+/6+ to split 99 against dealer's 7. Ethereum várható árfolyam. 6 betting units over the course of 400 hands. 888casino has a good introduction to card counting article. Basically, the Illustrious 18 presents 18 alternative plays for specific. Expectation involves the odds about what you can expect to. Kelsey Harmon . 28 = 20 x 2. To create a place for meaningful community for card counters. Blackjack deviations chart. Best Online Casinos. Always stand on A,9 or higher. Keep a “Running Count” based off of the values of the card dealt. for an example, the number of sales in different years of different. Top Blackjack Variants to Play. . It was a fun read, a little cringey in parts ("Washington Young Bloods" is like the name that a parody of suburban white kids would choose for an AP crew), but it had some decent stories. All software has been tested with Windows 7, 8, 10, and 11, Win98, WinME, WinNT, WinXP, WinXP SP2, Win2000, Win2003, Win2008, Win2012, and Vista. The payout of 2 to 1 means that the percentage chance of the dealer having a blackjack needs to be 33. {d ÊÈæg ¬²¢¸Ã •#»Ž;œ}Ùãÿ û¼ý¼x¾/õÉ) ’‘‘Q‘Uê˜hs«ó «ó: Kï ƒì XزÑ'‰Ì›Øn‚~d ×vÂÐß³þ€Ùs^šôÆÀP9/u>d‚ «¿MM”OÀ¢›¯LØ‚ÉsRž"´·LÀ ÚW:i&¨ ÆlY ^uáú‚¨)°E¼nEŽ AB€ ,fEBÀ*³ Ï™°µ£Â '6 ,JtP´ª ×-çÔ² þ˜mªc±"ÑXÀÍí–òO. I’m using the Blackjack apprentice app, which personally, after investing a ton of time into, I feel is a good product, but I’m 1000000% not an ad, but it’s also nothing crazy, from what I can see. you need to master advanced strategies like card counting and betting deviations. This is by far the most common rule variation offered. Best Casino Online fo real money enjoy 😀 Game Selection. When blackjack deviations concern how one bets at the blackjack table, these are known as betting deviations. I highly recommend using software to train for this than playing black-Everyone wants to beat the casino. Split at True Count 4+ A8 vs 4. With CVBJ it's in different divisions, like flash card, running count, and tc estimator, etc. Blackjack terms - blackjack glossary definitions. I still remember my first blackjack ball, nervously introducing myself to my heroes like Tommy Hyland, Richard Munchkin, Dr. Blackjack Basic Strategy based on the Blackjack Apprenticeship chart. With our drills you can build and assess your accuracy with basic strategy, deviations, running count, true count. Dealer 10 Vs. Respectively, 95% of the time, you can expect results within two standard deviations where you will lose √400 x 2. I was wondering how much playing deviations change the house edge. Blackjack Apprenticeship Deviations - Www. at the end of 2016-17. AddThis Sharing Buttons. `-` after the index number indicates the devation happens at the true count and below 0-indicates the deviation happens at any negative running count 0+indicates the deviation occurs at any positive running count INSURANCE OR EVEN MONEY: TAKE AT 3+ PAIR SPLITTING Deviations are simply times where you will alter your play. Blackjack deviations chart Blackjack deviations charts. Slots menu. We put in at least several hours of gameplay over multiple days. 64%: Five cardCharlie 1 +1. Rules for my casino are 8deck H17 DaS no surrender 75-80%pen. It is a $5 game and I’ll probably raise my bet to $10 at a positive count but if I were to play deviations perfect how. For blackjack game, practice and drills, see CV Blackjack Game. 2022 June. Japan. Thank you guys in advance. so which one is best to learn?Actions. I dont need to go on youtube podcasts and say how I made 500k in one year or 100k in one year by red chipping. I'm posting to check this is correct since I've seen a few variances and conflicting information. A perfect card counter still loses 40% of the time. The best online blackjack training drills help you test your skills and confirm your progress. The goal of advantage play is the legal extraction of funds from gaming establishments by gaining a mathematic advantage and developing the skills required to use that advantage. comment. 1. blackjackapprenticeship. 1 Standing vs Drawing HARD HANDS Basic Strategy, Table 2. ADVANTAGES. 6 betting units over the course of 400 hands. Blackjack Apprenticeship Deviations Chart, Blackjack Apprenticeship Deviations Chart, Como Jogar Poker Watch Dogs, Free Pokie Slots Downloads, Best Video Slots To Play Online Free, 2018 Poker Championship Winner, Juegos. For example, if a slot game payout percentage is 98. 99! Master basic strategy, counting, true count conversion, deviations, and betting with our top rated card counting app (#1 in "Casino" on iOS)!I used the BJA betting software and for a H17 6 deck game with 1 deck cut off and DAS, I came up with an EV of $3. The chance of the dealer having a blackjack with an Ace up is 31% because 4 out. Don’t run out and start. It doesn’t matter how well you know Basic Strategy, deviations, or can count. With the Blackjack Apprenticeship Membership, we’ve integrated our expertise with invaluable tools that guide you to a successful blackjack career. 2. AchillesBlackjack. 31 terms. Use the internet. Colin has been counting cards for over 15 years, and ran a multi-million dollar blackjack team. The site should still be up. hostpumpkin. But through Blackjack Apprenticeship,. Blackjack apprenticeship deviations chart - top online slots casinos for 2022 1 guide to playing real money slots online. . But let’s be honest. Jax687. Blackjack All-In-One Trainer has 3 modes; Play, Train and Simulate. Giving Bad Playing Advice. Hope this helped. The players are expected to know basic strategy when they arrive, but not all do. See full list on blackjackapprenticeship. Become an Apprentice Member to access the rest of our drills. From 2006 to 2011 Colin Jones and Ben Crawford ran Advantage Play. * Strategy Deviations – We provide you with the charts you need. Ben and Colin. It is so VERY minor in difference it hardly matters. But no one said that beating the casino was going to be easy! Memorising The Blackjack Chart. While basic card counting is. In CVCX there’s is a blackjack apprenticeship strategy, I have their app and am using that to learn, I assume that uses their type of basic strategy for all types of games, but what about deviations. We designed the software that we wish we had to learn. Starter Membership - $397. The Mission at Blackjack Apprenticeship is: To train successful, profitable card counters. In single deck blackjack games, you should always take insurance if your true count is at least +1 or more. You could play 100s of deviations with a level 4 count and youd still be playing a losing game if flat betting. Then the Blackjack 6-7-8 software takes each 2-card combination (for 16, for example, the 2-card combinations are 10-6, 9-7, and 8-8) and plays blackjack against the various dealer upcards. Never split 5s and 10s. Source(s): The deviations from basic strategy overall tend to provide a more agressive betting strategy and this can get. Fab Four Basic Strategy Variation. hard 14-16. Also, players usually need them when the shoe is changed or other unexpected situations happen. Any decks, it can be single, double, 4-8, keep it simple. Memorizing blackjack basic. Player’s hand is shown vertically on the left side of the chart. They’re forum was full of a lot of information that helped me understand some of the real-world sce- Blackjack Apprenticeship's 'Blackjack & Card Counting Trainer Pro' is the best way to master card counting so you can bring down the house! Blackjack Apprenticeship trains card counters who have legally beaten casinos for millions with the same skills learned in this app!. To be a winning player takes 100% accuracy. The value of each card is either the number on the card, or 10 for face cards, or one or 11 for an ace. In CVCX there’s is a blackjack apprenticeship strategy, I have their app and am using that to learn, I assume that uses their type of basic strategy for all types of games, but what about deviations. Meet Colin Jones. Blackjack Apprenticeship Playing Deviations. BJA Chapter Ten contains summaries of over 600 separate 20 billion round sims and has been the source of a wealth of information for the Blackjack community. Subject: 6"X11" Post Card Template Created Date: 9/13/2009 3:52:37 PMBare Necessities: A Six-Deck Discard Tray. What Are Blackjack Deviations? Blackjack Apprenticeship 443K subscribers Subscribe 2. Thorp, the father of card counting. Most of card counting is a mathematical or mental skill, but in this case you will be practicing a visual skill as well. Blackjack Testout. The Blackjack Basic Strategy Engine above provides a simple way to memorize a variety of different profitable decisions, such as when to split, double, surrender, hit, or stand. Blackjack Apprenticeship strategy charts. The Video Course is the best place to begin your training. Why is that inconsistent? I get that deviations can lead to like the 0 index being different than basic strategy but. Become a member today to access exclusive features: Simple and proven steps that teach you how to think and play like a professional. If I can get the charts I asked for, I will show the updated chart. you are stating that someone starting with $2,000 can turn that into $1,000,000 in 1 year playing blackjack as an AP. Posted On January 16, 2014. Step 2. This is just a bit of the listed deviations that it says to remember. I've gotten most of my information fro Blackjack Apprenticeship, this reddit, a couple other forums and one book, Blackjack Attack. 12 vs 6. Yes. Norman is a former Strategy and Architecture Vice President for. That allows you to look at the deviations of the strategy as well as basic stuff like what number +1/0/-1 gets assigned to each card value and if the strategy uses true count. Find everything to need in order to master card counting. Blackjack Strategy - CasinoGames. I’m taking about a year to memorize and practice basic strategy and card counting as well as build my bankroll before even thinking of putting my skills to the test at an actual casino. AchillesBlackjack. Worse rules, more decks, poorer penetration will hurt EV and increase Risk. from large losses to. Training The Next Generation of Card Counters. 01-23-2023, 09:34 AM #3. branson guided fishing trips; ark zombie lightning wyvern spawn command; how to cut someone out of a friend group; 2022 prizm baseball case; entry of appearance waiver and consent form illinoisBlackjack Apprenticeship Deviations Chart; Blackjack Basic Chart. Assign a value to every card. Wizard of odds has a free blackjack trainer that will teach you basic strategy and card counting, blackjack apprenticeship has a $5 app. Colin has been counting cards for over 15 years, and ran a multi-million dollar blackjack team. Start by assigning cards a value of either +1 (cards 2-6), 0 (cards 7-9), or -1 (cards 10-Ace). You can make up to 5% or more EV coming from deviations,Wire cable 08mm silicone 26awg lead yellow blue red Striveday 1007 24 awg cable copper wire 1 meter red /blue /green/ black Electrical wiring color coding system 0mm2 siliconProbability Of Hands In Texas Holdem, 10 Free Spins Bonus Code For Lincoln Casino And Liberty Slots Casino, Slot Dimensions Standard, Blackjack Apprenticeship Deviations Chart, Wms Slot Android App, How Much Should You Bet In Blackjack, Snow Slots Merry ChristmasHow much does it affect your edge whether you sit first, in the middle, or last at the blackjack table? Find out the mathematical answer, along with some con. The next step is to use the index number deviations. Secours rateyourseats concerts Section 219 at bon secours wellness arena for concerts Secours bon arena wellness section concert seat row rateyourseats concerts aa According to Blackjack Apprenticeship this game has a low . High-Low Point Values. Here’s a complete rundown of each of Donald Schlesinger’s Illustrious 18: 1. Mark Forums ReadFollowing is a list for when to take early surrender against a dealer 10 or ace, regardless of the rules, except as noted. * Strategy Deviations – We provide you with the charts you need to. A. I'm making a basic strategy chart that includes playing deviations in the chart. nfluigi. Oszd meg a Facebook. The main points I’d like to focus on come from the one and only Dr. . Why Learn From Blackjack Apprenticeship? Our drills are designed by pros that have taken casinos for millions. Our iOS and Android app is currently on sale for only $1. Then, start doing the two together… you get the point. 99! Master basic strategy, counting, true count conversion, deviations, and betting with our top rated card counting app (#1 in 'Casino' on iOS)!Straight from a dealer’s first hand experience, here are five ways that casino dealers compound your disadvantage. 7, 2 6: 2. The payout percentage tells you how much of your money bet will be paid out in winnings. It was as much our fault for not training him to look out for CSM tables. Whether you are a fan of Casino, Card, or Education games, you will find this game interesting and will absolutely like it. Blackjack strategy split counting betandbeatBlackjack chart strategy table basic odds winning deviations casino bet printable betting guide games hand Card counting applicationBlackjack strategy jimmakos. I was wondering how much playing deviations change the house edge. First, a quick primer on blackjack, the game is played using one or more 52-card decks. Hey, i'm currently learning the h17 & s17 deviations provided by blackjack apprentice, but i'm not sure what to do when deviating. The Blackjack Apprenticeship Deviations Charts (Both the Top 21 Deviations and an Expanded Chart) . From blackjack training kits, result tracking software, to one-on-one training, Blackjack Apprenticeship has what you need. There are huge risks to both over-betting and under-betting. 2. ACCESS PREMIUM DRILLS. Done well Homemade hamburgers, medium well, air fryer recipes, ninja, grilling Hamburgers shmula burger. In addition to game sim (which will test everything you need), there's also CVTest. . 47 for his Benchmark Rules, which are six decks, dealer stands on soft 17, no double after split, no re-splitting aces, no surrender. You raise your bet and after that hand, the count goes up even more. Knowing what to bet is absolutely essential as a card counter. With CVBJ it's in different divisions, like flash card, running count, and tc estimator, etc. Split 6s against a dealer 3-6, and against a 2 if DAS is allowed. Our 70+ videos, and resources, teach you concepts like. Discover the best slot machine games, types, jackpots, FREE gamesHoly Rollers Documentary. Dealer 10 Vs. xxx Ög Ž ÆqEQ¶Bæ Ù›Ìs„ #Bö^]æqVÎ. Card counting deviations Hey, i'm currently learning the h17 & s17 deviations provided by blackjack apprentice, but i'm not sure what to do when deviating. Players come out of there with the knowledge to count cards profitably. %. . Blackjack standard deviation chart - top online slots casinos for 2022 1 guide to playing real money slots online. You can design a testout, running through all the drills back to back. Test. ”. 5, 8 is 0, 9 is -0. No need to spend 2k when you can get the same information in books. No. So if this is a valuable deviation from basic strategy, my conclusion is he must be inferring surrender. or. 00. what i believe it is saying is that when you have 12 v 6 you hit if the count. Developed by Blackjack Apprenticeship, Blackjack & Card Counting Pro is a Casino game with a content rating of 17+. The primary difference between this strategy and the original is that aces and deuces are treated as “neutral” cards. basic strategy is the first word. Edward O. It was released on 24th September 2010 with the latest update 18th July 2022. Download demo versions of Casino Vérité Blackjack software by clicking on a product name below. At a 31% chance, taking insurance is a negative EV bet. 1) Blackjack Apprenticeship Training Drills Our web-based drills will help you master basic strategy, card counting , true count conversion, playing deviations, and includes a full game to practice your skills. Nutrition & Diet - Exam 2. Basic Strategy in 21 Statements:Basic Strategy Chart:Blackjack Training Simulator Practice Optimal Strategy. But wonging is added and the more common types of cover can optionally be added - no increase after loss, no decrease after win, no change after push, no large increases. My favorite bs strategy drill is blackjack apprenticeship’s free online one. In the quest to master card counting, it's best to assess all of your options. Noob needs advise how to memorize deviation play chart. BV-G is a practice app for Blackjack and Spanish 21 basic strategy and card counting designed to operate on both tablets and smartphones. Specifically, I'm practicing deviations for S17 shoe games, but it seems like if you really want to be versatile you need to learn at least H17 shoe games. Bonus. practice. Ive read your posts. Blackjack standard deviation calculator welcome bonus!. Seldom will a player with a 99. Bitcoin stock price Blackjack deviations flashcards. Blackjack Apprenticeship Deviations Chart : 3. Whether you want to play at a casino, test your skill at a poker room, or place some bets on sporting events, we’ve got the knowledge to help you get the most from your money. `-` after the index number indicates the devation happens at the true count and below 0-indicates the deviation happens at any negative running count 0+indicates the deviation occurs at any positive running count. ? Click to Visit My Favorite Casino ?. Bankroll Coaching. There are hundreds of deviations that you can learn, but there are 18 deviations known as the “Illustrious 18” that offers you the most bang for your buck. All blackjack deviations Barring a player - a casino refusing to allow a player to play in a blackjack game. BJTF is an advantage player site based on the principles of comity. and finally. I know I should learn BS for s17 and h17. Lesson. Find everything to need in order to master card counting. How to calculate standard deviation correctly. But 200 hours of practice to memorize BS, deviations, running count, true count conversion, and deck estimation all on the fly quickly with the distractions from a casino. and finally. Players can expect slow payments, low cashout limits and slow response from customer support. Blackjack Apprenticeship Deviations Chart - Lock It Link Diamonds. Click the card to flip 👆. Top 20 blackjack deviations - best online casinos in 2022: top casino sites rated by real money casino games, bonuses & fairness. For more information on these products, see Blackjack Software. Smith’s The GameMaster’s Blackjack School, which was a 24-lesson online course completely free. Just like in the paid version, you can win without limits on the free online slots. Learn More. Playing and Betting Deviations. But what you win is. I’m a card counter in training. To be a winning player takes 100% accuracy. What Are Blackjack Deviations? Blackjack Apprenticeship 443K subscribers Subscribe 2. A standard basic strategy chart can only provide you with the strategy for one set of rules, such as dealer hits on soft 17, limiting your mastery to just one game. Anyone gambling with a recommended. pontoon is similar to the blackjack variation known as spanish 21. Blackjack standard deviation Respectively, 95% of the time, you can expect results within two standard deviations where you will lose √400 x 2. You may have seen his team featured in the documentary Holy Rollers: The True Story of Card Counting Christians, and has been covered by New York Times, CNN, and The Colbert Report. From practical tips and hard earned wisdom to epic stories of blackjack careers that went far better than expected, the Blackjack Apprenticeship podcast is for anyone interested in blackjack, card counting, or just. Dh - Double if possible, otherwise, hit. Fab Four Basic Strategy Variation. Blackjack Apprenticeship Playing Deviations; Appendices; Miscellaneous; External Links; Introduction. commahjong connect 2 plein ecranjogo de dados como oráculoboi no rolete especial dia das mães 13 de maioz8 roleta da fortuna. 2) Casino Verite. Action: The amount of money that’s been bet. Assign a value to every card. ”. PHONE CONSULTATION. The goal of the game is to accumulate cards that total as close to 21 as possible without going over. I just got good at standard strategy I'm looking for links for deviations charts. we encourage all members of the ucla. Blackjack charts that give the perfect play every time. 15 vs A.